This is a very diverse range of countries ranging from the cld climes of Scandinavia down to the hot meditteranean climates. As such varying levels of problem occur and we recommed checking specific countries one by one on the WHO website. http://www.who.int/countries/en/

Europe is generally recognised as being a better proposition for health than Asia for example.Sanitation is generally good, and health concerns related to foods and beverages are minimal. Precautions may be warranted in some areas, but nothing out of the ordinary is needed for most travelers. Despite this many people develop diarrhoea and issues related to sanitation. All the usual rules apply; cleanliness, well cooked food, bottled water etc.

Insect-borne diseases: Diseases transmitted by insects are not generally a problem in these countries, although ticks transmit Lyme disease. We would recommend again that you search the WHO website for specific countries.

Avian influenza H5N1, excreted in large amounts in the droppings of infected birds, has been confirmed in some of these countries in birds, including poultry, but not in humans. Although risk to travelers is minimal, avoid places where direct contact with birds and/or their secretions may occur, such as live animal markets and poultry farms. Well cooked chicken is safe to eat. Current influenza vaccines are not protective.

Cases of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (mad cow disease) have been reported in cattle in the UK. Since 2001 all European Union countries have banned implicated feeding practices, and all cattle are now required to be tested at slaughter. While risk to humans is negligible, individuals unwilling to chance any risk should avoid beef on the bone, ground beef, and beef products made from nervous tissue.